hello everybody i'm here with you at the
Battle of Guilford Courthouse National
Military Park speaking with you about
the Atlantic slave trade. Before we
proceed I'd like to have you take a guess
of what percentage of all the slaves
that were brought from Africa to the New
World what percentage of them came to
what is now the United States, which for
part of that period of course would have
been the British colonial period. Just
have that that guess in mind it's
important to understand that the
Atlantic slave trade was a crucial part
of New World Development- it's not just
some sort of side note on the history of
the New World and its social economic
development. For every European that came
over during the period of the slave
trade
there were four African that came over
of course mostly against their will
nearly all of them against their will
and, you know, many different societies
participated in this especially Western
European countries that had colonies in
the New World and the Portuguese were
actually the the leading group in this
in terms of slaves that were brought to
the new world the Portuguese led the way
overall followed by the British and the
French. And indeed the answer to
your percentage question is: only about
five to six percent of all the slaves
that were brought to the New World were
brought to what's now the United States
so many other areas were impacted in a
more concentrated way than even was the
United States.
Brazil being the country modern-day country
that had the most slaves but in the
Caribbean region where you had a much
higher percentage of the people that
were slaves that were living in these
colonies. Now, slavery had existed in
Africa previous to European contact. Of
course slavery existed in many societies
throughout the world previous to
European contact but slavery
in Africa tended to be a little bit
different than what we saw in the New World
slavery in Africa in many cases slaves
were taken as a result of warfare and
the captives were then taken as slaves
but it was not always a PERMANENT (oops, I misspoke)
situation and it was not quite as
economically motivated and in many cases
some of the slaves were actually
incorporated into the society of their
enslavers. But as far as the Atlantic
slave trade goes when you think of the
actual capturing slaves that was
generally done by Africans. As historian
Paul Lovejoy reminds us that Africans
did not enslave their brothers rather
they enslaved their enemies. That was true
in the period...There was
slavery before European contact and
afterward. They often took the slaves
from people that were not among their
tribal or ethnic group. So after the
slaves were captured they generally were brought
to these forts along the coast where
they were in fact sold to Europeans. So as
far as the real true slave trade period
from the fifteen hundreds to the mid
eighteen hundred yes the demand was
driven by the Europeans and they
certainly deserve the the lion's share of
the blame for this horrendous period in
history. Now, when they were
trading with these African merchants
what was happening is in a lot of cases
the African merchants and Kings along
the coast
they were the ones that were really sort
of dictating the terms of the trade in
some cases the local king would insist
that he would sell the slaves that he
was going to get a portion of the
profits for initially, before allowing
others to do so and so that was really
that's kind of how it developed along
the coast. Over twelve and a half
million slaves were taken from Africa to
the new world just staggering numbers. Of
those about 10.7 million made it across
these are estimates and they're hotly
contested but that is a roughly accurate
estimates based on a lot of research by
a lot of different scholars. There were
over 35,000 documented voyages of ships
that that brought slaves over to the New
World in this period. As far as the sort
of legacy of the slave trade among
Africans: Robin Law has done a book it's
called Ouidah and it's about the
slaving port in Ouidah, which is a place of
which is now in the West African
country of Benin. And he finds among
the people that they don't really try to
deny any sort of complicity in the slave
trade. That their, you know, ancestors
certainly participated in the slave
trade and even for instance when the
French were colonizing, this is after the
slave trade had been abolished in
France. As the French were colonizing in Benin
they were going to knock down
some of their old slaving forts. And the
people of Benin in these villages said
that no they didn't want that to happen
because they recognize it as a part of
their history as a part of the history
of Africa of the Atlantic world so
there's certainly complicity all
around but certainly the European demand
is what made it such a horrendous and
widespread
situation with so many numbers of people
being brought over to
the New World as slaves
We will talk about the other conditions after this plane flies over
We will also talk about the Middle Passage
that'll be in a separate video.
Bye for now
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