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That right there is aperture, and well I mean this is actually just like a
spaghetti portion measurer, but it works pretty much in the same way.
Hey everyone, Camber here back with you; and today we're talking about aperture and how it
affects your video and if you're new here this channel is all about teaching
you how to use your camera to make good videos so if that's you consider subscribing.
So what is aperture? Well, your aperture is the circular opening in
your lens that gets larger or smaller in order to allow more or less light
through your camera lens and to reach your camera sensor. And it may seem
somewhat confusing with all the numbers involved and we'll get to that a little
bit later in the video, however, the concept itself is pretty easy to
understand if you just think about how our eyes work. As you move between bright
and dark environments the iris in your eyes either expands or shrinks
controlling the size of your pupil. And in a similar way you can enlarge or
shrink the aperture on your lens in order to control how much light goes
through the lens and reaches your camera sensor. So aperture has two main effects
on your shots and the most obvious of those is going to be your change in
exposure or the brightness of your images. So with a wide open aperture
you're allowing more light to reach your camera sensor which results in a
brighter image, and when you have a narrow aperture, less light is being able
to get through your camera lens and reaching your sensor resulting in a
darker image. So the other big effect the aperture has on your shots is your depth
of field, and this really controls the style of your shots. So your depth of
field refers to the amount of your image that's sharp from front to back.
So with the thin or shallow depth of field, that's going to give you a background
that's completely out of focus; whereas with a large or deep depth of field your
foreground and your background are gonna be a lot more in focus and a lot more sharp.
So now we know how aperture works, but the way you'll see it represented on
your camera is by an "F" number or an f-stop. Whenever you see an aperture
value the letter "F" will appear before the number like F/8 although some
cameras omit the slash and just write F8. But one important part of aperture
that may seem confusing at first is that small numbers equal large
apertures while large numbers equal small apertures.
Huh?
Yep that's right.
A smaller number equals a larger opening with more light and more blur, whereas a
larger number equals a smaller opening with less light and less blur.
And to help you understand this just think about aperture as a fraction. So if you're
looking at f/2 versus f/16 in fraction form by replacing the "F" with a "1" then
you'll be able to see that 1/2 is a much bigger number than 1/16, and
therefore represents a much larger opening in your camera lens.
So remembering that a stop of light is any doubling or halving of the amount of
light let in when taking a photo or video you can know exactly how any
change in aperture is going to affect your exposure. However, unlike shutter
speed and ISO you can't simply double or half your current aperture number in
order to figure out those changes. Instead you have to multiply your
current aperture number by 1.4 in order to decrease by one stop resulting in a
darker image. Whereas you have to divide your current aperture number by 1.4 in
order to increase by one stop of light resulting in a brighter image.
So, looking at this image based on the metering scale you can see that we're
underexposed by two stops of light and our current aperture setting is at 5.6.
So in order to increase by one stop of light, we'll go to f/4, and now we're only
one stop underexposed. And to increase one more stop of light we'll go down to
f/2.8 and now we've increased by one more stop of light and we're properly
exposed based on the metering scale. On the other hand if the same image was
overexposed by two stops of light and we were at f/5.6, we would then need to
increase our aperture to f/8 in order to decrease by one stop of light so that
now we're only overexposed by one stop. And then we would have to increase our
aperture once more to 11 in order to decrease by one more stop of light
bringing us to the proper exposure. So there are a lot of numbers with aperture and
it can be a bit confusing, however, you see how it affects your light and how it
affects your exposure. But there's also something else in play and that's your
depth of field. So let's look at another picture, but
this time we're going to keep the exposure at zero and use shutter speed
to compensate for our exposure, and this way you can see how the different "F" numbers
are going to affect your depth of field. So starting at the highest
aperture for this lens of f/22, you can see there's a very deep depth of field
where there's more in focus, and as you move to the lower "F" numbers the
background becomes progressively blurrier. Now at f/8 there's much more
blur in the shot, but as we keep moving all the way down to f/1.8 which is the
lowest aperture for this lens you can see the background is much more blurry.
And now comparing it together with f/22, there's a huge difference in how your
aperture is going to affect the depth of field and the way your shot looks.
Overall, you can see the aperture is clearly a crucial point in exposure and
possibly one of the most important settings on your camera because of depth
of field and the major role that plays in the style of your shots. And your
choice in aperture is really going to control the look and feel of your film.
And that's all for aperture so if this was helpful go ahead and hit that like
button and let me know down below if you do have any more questions about aperture.
Go ahead and subscribe if you haven't, and remember that the only way
to get better at something is to practice. So get out there and film something!
See you soon!
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