Hello everyone and welcome to this new video of uniform presentation.
Not really "new". After having been at "Poissy in uniforms 2018", I had the opportunity to learn new elements, to meet experts about the French uniforms,
and it was important to complete my work initiated in the first video, but that was too incomplete for my taste.
So I will introduce you to a French 1940 uniform, used by the majority of soldiers during the WW2, but in the old equipment version.
First of all, I must warn you, as usual:
This video, although done by experts, may have errors. If so, feel free to leave a comment below this video so we can all learn.
I thank my supporters Cédrick, Vincent and Yves for their help.
Nevertheless, this video remains only a base that will help you build your uniform, and in no case an excuse not to buy specialized books, magazines or even to do research on the Internet.
The equipment that I present to you is a choice of suitable regulatory provision for an infantryman assigned to the Voltigeur post, there are other specific, that I hope to be able to present you one day.
I'll present only what I wear to avoid you a 2 hours video.
You can find the complete list of equipment in the description of this video, with the corresponding timing.
HISTORY of the 1940 France campaign
On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland, provoking the entry in the war of France and Great Britain two days later.
The Blitzkrieg, a lightning war, thundered Poland in three weeks, and the "strange war" followed. The two neighbors being at war, but none took the initiative to start large-scale operations.
This allows the French and British to amass resources through their colonial empires, and Germany gradually weakens because of the blockade.
On May 10, 1940, the German troops attacked Belgium and Holland, without taking into account the neutrality of these two countries. The French and the English, waiting in the North, came to meet them.
But the Germans decided to go through the Ardennes, in the direction of the Meuse, an area little defended because the massif of the Ardennes was considered a natural obstacle.
As early as May 13, General Guderian and his panzers crossed the Meuse at Sedan, Givet and Dinan. German motorized troops infiltrate into the open breach by running towards the Somme and Abbeville.
On 15 May, Council President Paul Reynaud told Churchill: "The counter-attack against the Germans in Sedan has failed. The road to Paris is open. The battle is lost."
The German armies reached the Somme on 20 May, the Manche (Boulogne) on 22 May.
The French and British armies fell back to Dunkirk, where a pocket defended by the French allowed about 338,000 Allied soldiers (215,000 English and 123,000 French) to be shipped to England. 22
This is Operation Dynamo, which took place at the beginning of June 1940.
On the 5th of June, the Wehrmacht resumed the offensive towards the South. On June 7th, the French front was pierced on the Somme, on June 10th on the Aisne. German troops reached the Seine at Rouen on 9 June.
Declared open city, Paris falls without a fight on 14 June. Guderian's troops reached the Maginot line from June 17th, taking the fortifications in reverse. They will then be captured following the surrender of the defenders.
General Weygand's staff tries to use the Loire as the last obstacle by amassing all the remaining troops, in vain.
The Germans entered Orleans on June 16, and met before Lyon on June 20, ahead of Clermont, Angouleme and Bordeaux on the 24th.
The rout was not only military, it was also administrative and human: the state shattered, and millions of French escaped the advance of the Wehrmacht.
A first exodus began on May 10 for the Belgian populations, and North and North-East of France. Then a new exodus took place in June with the populations of the North of the Loire.
Nearly 8 million Frenchmen have joined the regions of southern France, encumbering the roads and adding a lamentable spectacle to the rout of the Army.
The French government also took the same route: He left Paris on 11 June to retreat to the different castles of Touraine, before reaching Bordeaux on 14 June.
Paul Reynaud was replaced by Marshal Petain, who demanded an armistice, which was signed at Rethondes on June 22, in the same wagon used by the Allies in 1918. The armistice officially entered into force on June 25.
France was then cut in two, the 3/5th of the territory being occupied by Germany (which annexed Alsace and Moselle again, and part of the North of France being attached to occupied Belgium).
The rest was a so-called "free area". On June 28, Hitler went to Paris to visit the principal monuments, giving rise to a parade of victory in occupied Paris.
The battle of France ended with the following figures, often unfortunately minimized... The French army lost at least between 55 and 65,000 soldiers, dead in combat, for 123,000 wounded.
Opposite, we have about 45,000 German deaths. The Ministry of Defense is advancing the number of 123,126 "dead for France" during this brief campaign, this regroups the military but also the civilians who participated in the battles.
This constitutes 10% of the French dead of the WWI in only 6 weeks.
UNIFORM
Once the First World War ended, the French army was considered by many to be the best army in the world.
In peacetime, it has 20 metropolitan infantry divisions, eight colonial or North African infantry divisions, sovereignty troops in its colonial empire, as well as five cavalry divisions, two of which are mechanized.
After the declaration of war against Germany, the mobilization of 1939 gathered five million men, supervised by 120,000 officers, and this in the four arms (Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie and Navy).
The Maginot Line was the main line of defense behind which 2,240,000 troops were deployed from the North Sea to Switzerland.
94 divisions including 20 active and 74 reservists. To this we will add the 600,000 men scattered in the French colonial empire and the army of the Alps, who will fight against Italy.
The pants model 1938 appeared from the winter of 1939-1940, worn by all the unmounted manpower, and sometimes by some men of the cavalry.
It's made of combed sheet or carded woolen cloth of khaki shade and has a shape of golf pants, bulging at the knees. It has a martingale and loops at the waist to hang a belt.
It closes with buttons and a metal hook. It has two pockets: one on each side and a gusset pocket for the watch on the right front side of the belt.
The bottom of the legs is tight on the side of the calf by means of a lace passing in eyelets, as well as a buckle holding a wool paw, thus allowing a better maintenance in the putties.
This is a Chinese reproduction, the best alternative at the time I shoot this video. It will be possible to resize a post-war pants, but this material is becoming increasingly rare, expensive, and it would be a shame to damage it.
Reproduction is the best alternative (thus allowing to have pants at your size and not too expensive)
The model 1917 boots are worn from February 1918 until 1939 without any modification. Then there may be changes in the leather used (granulated leather, fawn leather, black leather...).
The main material was roughout leather. The laces are leather, but those in cotton are allowed since 1912. They are studded all over the sole plate made of leather, and also on the heel.
These are French M45 boots, which look like the French 17 model, except that the cut changes slightly, just like the nailing.
It's not easy to find French boots Mle 1917 size 44FR/10UK in good condition, hence the use of a post-war model. Note that it will be necessary to equip you with courage to wear them, your feet will suffer...
The putties were used by the entire French army from 1915. These are khaki cloth, and are 220cm long for a maximum width of 14.5cm.
The two bands are symmetrical and have a reinforcement in sheepskin or strong canvas on the part in contact with the shoe. The other end receives a 150 cm long cotton tie tape so that the band can be fastened to the calf.
It's advisable to add a hook at the end of the band to attach it more easily to the boot. Check out the TUTO video I made in the description of this video to learn how to install them.
The M35 shirt is the regulatory shirt worn under the coat or other effects, sufficiently worked to be worn alone in cantonment. Depending on the fabrications, there will be different shades.
It has two chest pockets and doesn't have shoulder straps. It closes with three buttons on the front and is made of cotton.
This is a conversion from a Mle 48 shirt to a model 35, hence the absence of button on the back of the collar, which should be present. However, I added the buttons on the end of the collar, characteristic of this type of shirt.
A square piece of 6cm fabric, placed under the opening of the torso, should receive the troop body markings and the matricule. A regatta tie is placed over the shirt.
It was mandatory with the shirt, and has a straight end, unlike all other classic ties.
This is a converted reproduction of Afrika Korps tie, the length, color and material corresponding to a few things. Given the price of ties in original, I can only advise you to do it yourself.
This manipulation cost me a tie at 10 € and a customization of 10min.
A police cap, commonly called side cap, is a piece of wool cut to cover the head when the helmet is not worn. Warning: Calling it "side cap" is a modern mistake, at this time, this was "police".
The 1918 model, which replaces the 1891/15 model, is recognizable because it forms a rectangle when laid flat. It will have spikes, unlike other previous models, where the tips will be folded on the inside.
However, some soldiers retailled themselves their police cap to remove these famous tips. A sweatband is present inside to prevent the wool irritates the head.
The Adrian model 26 helmet is an evolution of the Mle 15 helmet, used during the first war.
The most important evolution between the two models is the removal of the bead at the base of the bomb, making it possible to differentiate a 1st war model from a 2nd war model.
It has a leather strap with adjustable buckle, and the attribute at the front is of the Mle type 15, then replaced by a Mle 37, as here.
Made of manganese steel to allow the helmet to twist up without breaking, it's first brown khaki called "chocolate", then green khaki. The leather cap rests on four leaf springs, hooked through stitched staples.
There are 3 sizes of shells, and 9 sizes of caps, ranging from 54 to 62. This is an original shell that seems to come from the manufacturer Japy, with an interior, a chinstrap and a rondache reassembled in reproduction.
The greatcoat Mdle 1920 for the Enlisted Men was first in mustard or blue-blue cloth, then in khaki. It's the most representative garment of the campaign of France. The coat has a crossed cut: it has 2 rows of 6 buttons
The closure is completed by a hook at the collar. The bottom of the coat is equipped with buttonholes, so you can fold the bottom on the sides, with a button on each side of the hips.
Collar insignia of the 41st Infantry Regiment from Rennes (Brittany) were sewn. Buttons are placed on the sides to lock the belt once it's installed.
The shoulder rolls of field dresses prevent the rifle shoulder strap and equipment from slipping. In general, they are distributed in pairs, but some soldiers will only receive one, or not even at all.
They are made in the same material as the coat. They are commonly called "rolls". It's, here again, a Chinese reproduction, which will have been worked at the level of the buttons, those of base being not of the good color and misplaced
The inner pockets have also been shortened to avoid being seen once the front flaps rolled up on the sides.
Permanently worn on the left wrist, the identification tags identifies the soldier when his death arrives. On one side, the surname and given name and the date of incorporation were noted;
the other side had the information on the registration number and its place of recruitment. Here, Louis Perrot was hired in 1929 at Guingamp and had the 1414 number.
This is an original plate that can correspond to the 41st IR, our Guingampais having probably joined Rennes then.
EQUIPMENT
The belt model 1903/14 is distributed to all the French army, and didn't evolve between the first and second war. It's made of fawn leather and has a double barb buckle, to be inserted into two sets of holes.
This is an original model that belonged to my great-grandfather.
Three Mdle 1916 pouches are slipped on the belt. The staffing in cartridges depends on the function and the position of the soldier.
The Voltiger received 90 rounds, either from Lebel or Berthier. These are artificially patinated reproductions.
The model 1888 scabbard is placed on the belt to carry bayonet 1886-15 and its derivatives. The hole of the frog is intended to accommodate a tab of the coat, to lock with the button provided for this purpose.
The bayonet M1886 will slip into the scabbard, itself slipped into the left flap of the coat so that it's held on the side. This one will be usable for a Lebel and a Berthier.
The suspension straps model 1892/1914 keep the belt on the shoulders. They are attached to 1916 pouches by metal hooks.
The post-war model has changed little compared to the model of the 1st and 2nd war: only 2 holes were added.
The model 1935 canteen is an evolution of the 1877 model: the little neck has been removed. The envelope is made of khaki cloth, although we can find canteens painted in khaki, without cover.
Here it's equipped with a belt identical to the 1877 model, to be worn over the shoulder. The can is closed by a cork, attached by a chain.
It must be worn on the right side, the strap slipped under the belt at the front, under the pouch, to prevent the canteen from moving too much when the soldier leans.
This is an original canteen, unfortunately unusable because rusted on the neck and inside.
The bag model 1892 is used to carry additional material that would not have found its place in the Ace of diamonds. The musette closes with two buttons and the strap is adjustable thanks to a two-bar buckle called "Malakoff loop"
It's placed on the left flank of the soldier, a strap slipped under the belt in the same way as the canteen.
Since the musette is easier to open and use than the ace of diamonds, I chose to place my cup model 1935 among other small campaign materials.
The model 35 cup is the evolution of the 1865 model and was manufactured from 1936 until 1944. It's compact but not practical. This is an original model of 1936, manufactured by S.A.F. from Paris, one of the first manufactured.
The bag to hold the Model 31 Normal Protection Device (ANP31) is worn on the left side, but the bag will be placed as far back as possible. The shoulder strap will be placed over the equipment already installed.
It contains the gas mask, the flexible hose (not here), a filter cartridge, and spare glasses.
A corrugated metal plate at the bottom of the bag allows the filter to be placed so that it doesn't become clogged by suction of the fabric and allows air to enter the mask.
The main strap allows the wearing shoulder strap, a second with carabiner allows the ventral port, to be able to wear the mask while keeping the cartridge in the bag.
The anti-gas mask ANP31 is actually an evolution of the model used during the 1st war. It was little or not used in 1940, but remained in the equipment of soldiers, the first war being still in the minds.
The 1893 bag or "ace of diamonds" is the last bag of a large collection. It's first used during the first war before being used by some during the second war.
It contains the spare linens, the cleaning and toilet kits, the equipment for cleaning the rifle, a bag of medical kit and various kitchen utensils that the soldiers distributed.
The model 35 half-tent set, poles, draw cord and mats allow the soldier to build a tent half. The other half was carried by another soldier.
Loops are sewn on the sides to add a natural camouflage, but these ribbons may be missing.
These tents are also designed to allow larger assemblies, especially with 6 canvases to accept 6 soldiers. 4 sections forming the roof and two closing off the ends
The individual mess kit model 1852 is stamped in tin-plated steel. It has loops fixed by riveting or welding, and the lid is held to passers by a chain.
Since 1915, this utensil is completed by a dish that fits into it, provided with a handle.
The canvas water bucket is transported to the outside of the bag. The strap secures the seal, and the bowl, without ever preventing the opening of the bag.
Be careful to put the strap in the right direction, using the metal rings of the bagpack wisely.
The Lebel, or model 1886 rifle, was adopted by the French army in May 1887 and was used until the Second World War. He was baptized thus thanks to the name of one of the members of the commission which contributed to its creation: Colonel Nicolas Lebel.
It has a space under the body that can hold 8 cartridges, and two other cartridges could be stored:
one in the chamber, and one in the transporter, a small tilting hatch allowing the cartridges from the store to be brought up to the chamber. This mode of feeding is called Kropatschek, from the name of the rifle that served as a model.
It's 8mm caliber and was the pioneer in portable armament:
for the first time, the old black powder was replaced by smokeless nitrocellulose powder (also called Powder B, named after General Boulanger) and the plumb bullets were replaced by nickel silver jacketed bullets.
These evolutions will allow an increase in the initial firing speeds, and therefore the maximum range.
The Model 1886 was modified in 1893 by: the addition of a breech cap, and the addition of a mask pad on the breech head.
This mask is used to prevent gas spitting in the face of the fighter. A quillon is also added to the mouthpiece to allow the formation of weapons bundles without the bayonet being installed.
The characteristics of the weapon remain however identical. The Lebel is today classified in category D (in France), thus free of acquisition. Be careful however in reenactment, it's not very good to walk around with an unneutralized rifle
We find this rifle proportion of 1 per combat group of 12 men, attributed to the tomblon VB because of the robustness of the weapon.
Indeed, its design allows it to better assume the departure shot of the offensive grenade.
The rifle Berthier 07/15 modified 1916 is the rifle most prevalent during the campaign of France in 1940.
Its predecessor, the 07/15 rifle, had as its main weakness its capacity of the store: 3 bullets while the Lebel has 8. Thus, early 1916, a magazine is added to be able to contain clips of 5 cartridges.
Thus, the "new" rifle is called Berthier Mle 1916, or 07/15 M16 when it comes to a conversion. The modification doesn't prevent the use of 3 cartridge clips of course.
In 1920, the sights are modified, and in 1932 there will be a change of cartridges, causing a reboring of the chamber.
Weapons that received the chamber change to use the new cartridges will receive an arsenal N hit on thunder. The battles of June 1940 will be the last in front line.
The occupier will round off stocks of arsenals and prefer this rifle to Lebel to equip his second-line troops. Nevertheless, copies distributed to Harkis's troops during the Algerian war will still be found.
With a weight of 4.2Kg, it can accommodate the bayonet shown above, to reach a total length of 1m85. Its practical range is 250m, for a maximum useful range of 2000m.
With a lot of training, you can shoot 15 to 20 shots per minute. This is a 07/15 M16 category C perfectly legal, because its owner has a shooting license.
At the time, infantry type divisions were the most widespread. There are three series: Active, therefore exist in peacetime;
Series A, created by the mobilization by duplication of active units, thus comprising more than 50% of reservists. The material and the supervision are about the same;
Series B, which are unit reserve units (eg the 241st IR is the reserve regiment of the 41st IR) they are created from scratch, composed mainly of reservists stationed in agricultural work and concreting.
The material is incomplete or obsolete. At the beginning of May 1940, 67 infantry divisions including 7 motorized, 24 active, 20 A-series and 16 B-series were able to campaign on the North-East front as well as 16 fortress infantry divisions.
Our soldier is here equipped with Lebel, but could use Berthier as well. Even the bayonet was designed to be adaptable on both rifles.
The two rifles were to be replaced by the MAS36, but it was not manufactured in sufficient quantity to equip the entire French army in 1939, hence the massive use of Berthier and the remaining Lebel stocks.
At the declaration of war, Mle 35 equipment equips 4/5 Infantry-type active units and very rare reserve units.
They will then be distributed during the 39/40 winter in a modernization effort, but Mle 16 equipment is still widely used. Hence their presence on our soldier of the 41st IR.
The Lebel, however, was no longer seen for snipers and VB tomblon shooters in the Active and Series A units. Berthier was therefore more common.
CONCLUSION
The reputation of the French army of 1940 has long been bad. Today, the Anglo-Saxon countries often make jokes about the courage of the French.
Example of jokes that can be found in the comments of certain videos: "What is 200,000 raised hands?
100,000 French people surrendering" or "French tanks have one speed to go forward, but 5 speeds for reversing, and 5 mirrors".
However, the battle of Stonne proves that the French army was up to the level of the German army, and its strategy could have made it win.
This battle mobilized 90,000 German and 300 tanks, against 42,500 French and 130 tanks, and ended with the loss of 33 French tanks and 24 German tanks, for 7500 French losses against 26500 German!
This was the most deadly battle for the Germans during the Battle of France.
General Hermann Hoth wrote after the war that by delaying the intervention and not engaging all the armored forces at the disposal of the French general Jean Flavigny,
"The French missed a favorable opportunity; this counter-attack, carried out resolutely, could have changed the defeat into victory"
Churchill later praised the French army. General Rommel asked his subordinates to supply the same water ration to the French prisoners, impressed by the combativeness they had shown.
We will not talk about the battle of the Alps, which can be the subject of a video in its own right, so much the subject is interesting, and the victory is glorious for the French.
But the confusion fueled by the high command led to the rout of the French army. The latter capitulated prematurely after being overtaken during the campaign in France.
Thus French soldiers were seen in the trains in the direction of the South of France dressing in civilian clothes in case the Germans find them.
This act clearly shows that the great majority of the soldiers, lost, without orders, deserted their posts.
Here is an extract of testimony describing the confusion of exodus and retirement, found on the site of La Croix:
"The French tanks were retreating with human debris in the chains, the conductors were black as chimney sweepers and dazed.
We saw young women with kids asking to shoot them because they could not be taken before the Germans arrived. I saw spy girls mingling with the soldiers. Too many questions were asked:
"Where are you going? Which Company? How much you're?" When Captain De Montmarin learned all this, they had left after spending the night with the guys in the straw, he stung anger..."
Here is what concludes this video of presentation of uniform, I hope you like it! If it's the case, I invite you to subscribe, to comment, add a blue thumb and share this video, it's important !
I thank Ugo Bimar for his participation, go to see his YouTube channel : "Confessions d'Histoires", you'll see, it's fantastic!
I thank again my friends Vincent and Cédrick for all their valuable advice for writing this video, as well as Yves for his military advice.
Making videos of uniform presentations is also starting from scratch to finally give you as much information as possible, and it would not have been possible without all my support!
Otherwise, we would still be on the old video, still visible in the description, but unlisted. You can see it again if you want to compare before and after!
I give you appointment soon for a new video presentation of airsoft or Denix replicas, presentation of uniforms or VIP! Bye !
Directed by Neo035
Thank you to Yves, Cedrick, Sonia and Vincent for their precious help.
Thanks to Ugo Bimar for his intervention
Thank you all for your fidelity
Well, so you're farting my focus... Can you press on me?
I pressed your belly! Hold on...
Redo? I'm here!
It's good !
I'm in pain now ... OH POOOOOP
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