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How the Television Was Invented
Television is a device that has been in existence since the 1800s, by definition it is an electronic
system that sends sound and images through wires or cables.
Television can be found in billions of homes today but about 100 years ago, nobody knew
what a television was or what it looked like.
HOW THE TELEVISION DESIGN STARTED.
The early signs of the television began in the 1800s, in the form of a mechanical scanning
device transmitting images onto a screen.
In 1897, Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik patented a color television system that worked by using
a selenium photoelectric cell as a transmitter.
Unfortunately, the system as he described it had no way of analyzing the color spectrum
and did not work.
In 1926, one of the first mechanical televisions was invented by two independent inventors,
John Logie Baird who was Scottish and Charles Francis Jenkins who was American.
Their invention brought about one of the first mechanical television that used a rotating
disk with holes arranged in spiral patterns.
Prior to their invention, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a German technician had invented something
similar to the mechanical television in the early 1920s, the Nipkow Disk but he called
it the electric telescope.
It was designed in such a way that it sent images through wires using a rotating metal
disk.
The Mechanical Television that was designed before the Electrical Television worked in
such a way that to transmit an image through it, one had to place a camera in a totally
dark room then place a very bright light behind the disk, the disk would be turned by a motor
in order to make one resolution for every frame of the Television picture.
Baird's early mechanical television had 30 holes and it rotated 12.5 times per second.
A lens was designed to be placed in front of the disk that focused light on the subject.
When the light hit the subject, it would be reflected into a photoelectric cell which
would convert the light energy to electrical impulses.
The electrical impulses were transmitted to the receiver over the air and the disk on
the receiver would spin at the exact speed as the disk on the transmitter camera to ensure
precise transmission.
The receiving end featured a radio receiver that received the transmission and connected
them to a neon lamp placed behind the disk.
The disk would rotate while the lamp would put out light in proportion to the electrical
signal it was getting from the receiver.
This system would allow the viewer to view the disk but would require a magnifying glass.
ELECTRICAL TELEVISION The electrical television was vastly superior
when compared to the mechanical television.
The idea that first championed the invention of the Electrical Television came about by
two inventors, Russian Boris Rosing, and English A.A Campbell Swinton.
They combined a cathode ray tube with a mechanical scanning system to create a totally new television
system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was just 21 when he created the first Electronic Television in
1927 by thinking of a system that could capture moving images along radio waves to different
devices.
Farnsworth's idea was miles ahead of any Mechanical Television invented to-date.
The idea involved the use of a system that captured moving images using a beam of electrons
from a primitive camera.
In 1926, Farnsworth went to work for a charity fundraising company under George Everson and
Leslie Gorrell.
He convinced both of them to go into partnership with him in order to produce his Television
system.
Farnsworth made his first electronic television transmission on September 7,1927 and filed
a patent for his system that year.
The first image that was transmitted by the television was a simple line.
By 1928, Farnsworth had developed the system sufficiently to hold a demonstration for the
press as he continued to develop it.
In 1929, he improved the design by eliminating the motor generator.
This elimination ensured that the television would have no need for mechanical parts.
That same year, Farnsworth transmitted the first live human using his Television system
and he also transmitted a three-and-a-half-inch image of his wife followed by the transmission
of the dollar sign.
In 1931, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) attempted to buy Farnsworth's camera tube
because, upon evaluation of Farnsworth's work, it was seen that his camera tube (image dissector)
was superior to Zworykin's Iconoscope.
Zworykin was the head of the electronic television project at RCA sent to evaluate Farnsworth's
image dissector.
Farnsworth, however, rejected the $100,000 offer made by RCA.
That same year, Farnsworth joined the Philco Company but their association only lasted
until 1933.
During the period that he was under Philo, a suit was filed against him by RCA in which
they claimed that Zworykin's 1923 patent had superiority over Farnsworth design.
However, it turned out that RCA actually had no evidence that Zworykin had produced a functioning
transmitter tube before 1931.
They lost the suit to Farnsworth as the US Patent office rendered a decision in 1934
awarding priority of the invention of an image producer to Farnsworth.
After Farnsworth's employment with Philco ended in 1933, Farnsworth formed his own company
Farnsworth Television in 1937.
At the same time, he made a licensing deal with American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T)
such that both companies could use each other's patents.
The Farnsworth Television later purchased the Phonograph Manufacturer Cape Hart corporation
factory in Fort Wayne Indiana.
The aim of the purchase was to manufacture both Television and Radio which began in 1939.
In 1947 after the World War, he returned to Fort Wayne and Farnsworth Television produced
its first Television set.
Unfortunately, the Farnsworth Television Company ran deep into financial trouble and was taken
over by International Telephone and Telegraph (IT&T) in 1949.
On the other hand, the first television sets that were produced for commercial use in the
United States were introduced to the public in 1928 and were built based on Baird's
television designs.
However, it wasn't until ten years later that electronic television sets were built
and released to the public for commercial use.
Evolution Between the 1950s and 2000s, the television
turned from a niche technology into a critical form of communication found in every living
room across the world.
After the Electrical Television came into place in 1938, it was an instant hit.
The first commercial broadcast took place in 1941.
It was an advertisement for Bulova watch which lasted for 10 seconds.
In 1949, the number of stations had grown rapidly to 98 in 58 market areas.
In June 1951, the CBS broadcasted the first color program, although, the CBS's color
system could only work with a small number of televisions across America.
Approximately 12 customers could see the first color television broadcast, 12 million other
televisions were blank for this program.
By the end of 1952 televisions could be found in 20 million households across America, a
33% rise above the previous year.
In 1953, RCA launched its own color broadcasting system which worked on 12 million television
systems instead of 12 this time around.
In 1963, the television surpassed the newspaper as an information source for the first time
in history.
36% of Americans found the television to be a more reliable source than the print (newspaper)
in a poll.
Television in recent years Digital Television made its debut in the late
1900s and made use of digital coding as compared to the earlier television versions which made
use of analog coding.
It represented a major evolutional advancement in television inventions since the mid-1900s
and served as the foundation for other modifications to television technology such as the flat
screen television and HDTV that were introduced for the first time in 2005 and the 3D Television
that hit the market in 2010.
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