Let's talk about German cases!
Oh boy, oh boy! What a difficult subject!
If you do not understand much German yet, you can turn on the subtitles now
Because for the rest of the video I'll be talking in German to teach you the German language intuitively.
Well, we will, as I said, talk about the German cases now
and if you get frustrated or confused by this topic, then you're not alone
and that's why I'm doing this video for you.
I'm Marco from AuthenticGermanLearning.com and I wish you much fun with this video.
I'll tell you first how to decide the case.
Then I'll tell you what happens, when we apply a case.
Then I will introduce you to all four cases in succession
and finally I'll give you a few links where you can find more information.
So, how to decide the case?
You decide the case by having learned certain rules and apply these rules.
Then there are certain prepositions, verbs and adjectives that require the case.
So for one I have these rules, but if I use a certain preposition,
then the rules no longer count as much, but then the preposition matters.
For this reason, the whole thing is sometimes a bit complicated.
There are many complicated rules.
For this reason, it's very helpful to have a good feel for the language.
A native speaker does not worry about the rules.
A native speaker simply has a feeling for the language
and for a native speaker a sentence simply feels right, if the cases are used properly.
And in order for it not being so complicated for you, I recommend you acquire a feeling for the language,
by listening to much German, reading much German.
It is often much more effective to read and listen a lot, instead of learning tables and rules by heart, okay?
This is a tip, that can save you a lot of headaches.
But I'm still going to tell you the rules, of course, because this is also important.
If you are not at the point where you have a feel for the language,
then you have to rely on the rules for better or worse.
And this works best when you have a lot of time, such as when writing.
If you talk with a native speaker then the rules don't help you much,
because you have little time to consider which case to use and which not to, okay?
So. What happens when we apply a case?
Well, sometimes the article changes and sometimes an ending is added to the word.
So for example, using a male noun in the nominative case we say: "der Mann" ("the man")
in the genitive: "des Mannes" or "des Manns" in the dative, "dem Mann", in the accusative: "den Mann".
With a female noun we say in the nominative and accusative, "die Frau" ("the woman")
in the genitive and dative we say, "der Frau".
With a neuter noun, we say in the nominative and accusative: "das Fahrrad" ("the bike")
in the genitive we say, "des Fahrrads" and in the dative we say, "dem Fahrrad".
So, you've seen how the articles have changed.
In some cases, an ending had to be added.
Now maybe you're wondering, "Why? Why must the German language be so complicated?"
Well, it also has its advantages! The cases also have advantages!
I will use the following example sentence in this video:
The man gives his son the umbrella of his wife.
And without cases this sentence would be difficult to understand! The cases make the sentence clearer.
At the end of this video you'll understand what I mean.
First, I'll introduce you to all cases and then we can analyze this sentence in more detail.
The first case: nominative. The nominative is in a sense the "factory setting".
When you learn words, they are in the nominative.
You learn words like "der Mann" ("the man"), "die Frau" ("the woman"), "das Fahrrad" ("the bike").
We determine the nominative and other cases by asking certain questions.
We ask, for example, for the nominative: Who or what? Who or what is acting?
It's about the person or the object, that is doing something.
In grammar, objects also act in a certain sense.
I can say for example: *The man* gives his son the umbrella of his wife.
In this case the man is the one doing something. The man does something.
I ask: Who gives his son the umbrella of his wife? The man.
That's why I said, we ask questions to find out about the case, and we ask: Who is doing something?
The answer is: the man.
The second case is the genitive and with the genitive it's about possession. We ask: Who owns something?
And the question that we ask with the genitive is: Whose?
The man gives his son the umbrella *of his wife*.
The umbrella belongs to the woman. "Of his wife" is in the genitive.
We can ask, for example: Whose umbrella is it?
The answer: It's the umbrella of the woman.
A mnemonic: My genes belong to me.
With the genitive, we ask who owns something and genitive sounds like genes, so: My genes belong to me.
There are also a few prepositions that require the genitive, like "wegen" ("because of") and "mithilfe" ("with the aid of").
When using these words, you have to use the genitive. For example: Because *of the rain*, the road is wet.
The third case is the dative. "Dative" comes from the Latin word "dare" and that means "give".
We ask: Whom or what? With whom is something being done? Who is the indirect recipient of the action?
Okay, it sounds a bit complicated, but you'll see what I mean through the example:
The man gives *his son* the umbrella of his wife.
Whom does the man give the umbrella? The son. His son.
The son is the indirect recipient of the action, because he gets the umbrella.
There are a few prepositions that require the Dative, such as: außer, bei, dank, nach, seit etc.
For example: Thanks to the invention of the light bulb it is very bright here.
The last case is the accusative. With the accusative we ask: Who or what?
Who receives something? Who is the direct recipient of the action?
In our example sentence: The man gives his son *the umbrella* his wife.
The umbrella is directly affected by the verb or it describes more precisely what is being done.
The man gives his son something. What does he gives him? The umbrella.
Another example where we could ask "wen?" ("who?") is: I meet my friend on the street.
Who I meet on the street? My friend. This is the accusative.
I hope I could help you with this video.
Like I said, it's a complicated subject, but maybe not so complicated.
There are two resources that I want to recommend to you and in the video description I will
add links, so you can use these resources right away.
The first resource is Lingolia.
This is a website that explains the German grammar well. The site is in English.
If you understand English well, this is a good resource to learn the rules.
The second resource is a book that I wrote.
It's called "The Awful German Language. Let's just laugh about German grammar!"
and this book explains the German grammar in a humorous way.
This book is available as an e-book and an audio book. As I said, in the description is a link.
And in this book I explain the German language and also the cases. Here I explain the cases.
So here, for example, is the example we used.
The man gives the son the umbrella of the woman. But in this case it is marked with colors
and here you have, for example, the German text on the left and the English text on the right,
so you can read the text in both languages and can better understand the explanations.
Here, as I said, the cases are explained in greater detail.
Well, I hope you liked this video and see you next time. Bye!
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