Waching daily Mar 20 2018

[MUSIC PLAYING]

PRESENTER: Thank you very much.

I see a lot of familiar faces here.

Welcome to Pushing the Virtual Divide, our theme for tonight.

So our guest tonight is Kazunori Yamauchi.

He's a professional racing driver.

He's CEO of Polyphony Digital, and he's

the producer of the Gran Turismo video game series

that I'm sure many of you have grown up with

or spent many, many hours with.

So Kaz has spent more than two decades bringing

the virtual racetrack just a little closer to reality

for some of us.

And he's teaching us to be better drivers, sometimes

before we're even old enough to reach

the pedals and the steering wheel.

So Kaz, thank you so much for joining us tonight.

[APPLAUSE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So thank you for taking time

to be with us tonight.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it makes me very happy

to be at this fantastic location to talk about Gran Turismo

and about cars with everyone here.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I'm sure there's a few of you in this crowd that

doesn't really know what Gran Turismo is all about,

so I'd like to take a little bit of time explaining what GT is

and what we have done over the years.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So Gran Turismo is a game title

that was born exactly 20 years from today, 20 years before.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: This was when I was still 30 years old.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: I'm 50 now.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it was put out there in the world.

That's the world's first real driving simulator.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the latest title

is what you've seen on the Playseats just outside.

It's called Gran Turismo Sport.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this is what the first Gran Turismo looked like.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: When looked at now, it looks a little bit cheap.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the latest title--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: This is where Gran Turismo Sport is at.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So 20 years of evolution, and this

is the result.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I wanted to talk to you

a little bit about the relationship

that Gran Turismo has had with the automotive industry.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So for example, in 2008, we

got together with Citroen to create a supercar back in 2008.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And this is the car that

was actually shown at the Paris Auto Show back in 2008.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And then in 2012, we

got together with the Nissan Motor Corporation

to create a project in which we try

to turn game players into real racing drivers.

This was called the GT Academy.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this project actually saw

great success in which not only did

it succeed in producing real racing drivers from gamers,

these gamers turned drivers actually

rose to the podium of the Le Mans 24-hour race.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And around this time,

we started to understand that Gran Turismo was not just

a video game anymore.

It was sort of a movement in the automotive industry.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this is the Nissan Z.

And we actually did the design inside our company

for the aerodynamic parts that went onto the car.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And together with Toyota, we

also made a car that has an AR display built into it.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: We also had a relationship with Nike

where Nike actually designed a car for us

to appear in the game.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So in Gran Turismo 4,

Nike appears in the game as a automotive manufacturer.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And then in 2008, in the Nissan GT-R,

which is still on the market today,

we actually helped to design the information

system that went into the car.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this shows you the variations

of the display screens that are possible in that system.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And this is when we realized

that knowing information about the environment

that you're driving in, knowing information about the car

as you drive it, is something that can be fun.

And that's what we discovered through this project.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And then in 2011, we

got together with the F1 racing team, the Red Bull Racing team.

And we went to try to design what the fastest racing

car in the world with no regulations would look like.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this car is what is typically called a fan car.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And a fan car is a type of car

that has built in fans that draw out

the air from underneath the car to create a vacuum there,

helping it to stick to the ground better.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And at the time, the person

who helped us design this car was the technical engineer

officer of Red Bull Racing, Mr. Adrian Newey.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: In terms of design.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So as a project for the 15th anniversary of Gran

Turismo, we started something called the Vision Gran Turismo

project.

And this is a project that's still ongoing today.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And this is a project

in which we asked automakers from around the world

to create a Gran Turismo car, a GT sports car, that they

want to create for the game.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So automobiles, whatever

the reason is for their birth into the world--

once they're born and once they're brought out

into society, they start to take on their own shine,

maybe in a direction that the creators never intended to.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So cars are strange things in which you might all

have a favorite car from a different era,

from some part of history.

And individually, you might not know

the name of the actual designer who designed that car,

but you know the name of the car.

Everyone knows the names of these cars.

And these names, these cars, last for decades

without losing any of their allure or shine.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I realized then that whatever the reason it is,

it's important that the manufacturers actually

make cars and put them out into the world.

So the project was set up so that it gives an excuse for car

manufacturers to make sports cars.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And as a result, many of the manufacturers

really wanted to participate in the project and joined us.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I'll show you a short video about it.

[VIDEO PLAYBACK]

[MUSIC PLAYING]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So this is a list of all the manufacturers

that have been involved in the Vision Gran Turismo project

until now.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And daily, we're actually

still getting more manufacturers into the mix.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And depending on the manufacturer, some of them

have actually gone to design second cars and third cars

for this project.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it seems that there's actually no end to it,

as far as I can see so far.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the other subject I want to talk about

is regarding the future of motorsports.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So the FIA and ourselves,

we're actually going to be starting a new championship

starting in April this year.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So one is the Nations Cup.

It's sort of the World Cup of cars.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the other is the Manufacturer Series,

where the fans of certain manufacturers

will race against other fans of other manufacturers online.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the winner of this championship

will actually go to the FIA prize

giving ceremony that is held around Christmas time

every year, where there are F1 world champions,

there are Le Mans champions.

And the winners of our Gran Turismo championships

are going to attend that event and be awarded

alongside the real world racing drivers

on stage for this event.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I think this is something that's really

a milestone for both the automotive industry

and the video game industry.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And one more.

Another project that we're doing together with the FIA

is a digital license program.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And what this is--

this is a program in which you can acquire a real world

motorsports license through playing Gran Turismo.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And a motorsports license--

if you've ever tried to acquire one yourself, you would know.

But it's something that takes a lot of time

and takes a lot of money to get one.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And this is an effort

to try to make it so that you can actually acquire one

in the Gran Turismo game.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So by doing so, in developed countries

around the world, there are less and less drivers

and less and less people getting involved in motorsports today.

And this is our effort to try to get

more people involved in motor sports

and get excited about it.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And this is actually

a list of the automobile clubs and the countries

which have shown interest in this digital license program.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And unfortunately, the US and Japan, they're

not in this list.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But one thing that's notable

is that countries that have a very long history

in motorsports, like the UK and Australia,

they were actually already in this list.

They've shown their appreciation and their intent

to participate.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And another interesting fact

is that countries that are just now motorising and just

now getting into motorsports, like China and India,

they have also shown interest in participating in this program.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And motorsports already has well over 100 years

of history now.

But together with the FIA, we'd like

to try to help design the next 100

years of motorsports history.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And there's another thing I wanted to tell you,

since we have this opportunity here today.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So using the Gran Turismo platform,

we're currently working on a machine learning API.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And using this, what we want to do

is to set up a race, pitting AI drivers against other AI

drivers.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I think you can imagine immediately

what things would be possible, just looking at this.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So using this platform,

you can imagine that you'll have the fight between the AIs

where you can see which is the fastest

and which is the most impressive AI out of the participants.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So if you're interested, please participate.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So in this AI league,

we can set the amount of deviation

that the data from the assessors will have or set certain things

in the regulations really freely, as we

are in complete control of the race.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And not only will you

be competing for how fast the car is on the track,

you'll also be competing for how well the car adapts

to different track conditions, whether it be weather

or temperature or whatnot, and how well the settings can be

set to match the conditions so that you'll

find in a certain race.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So that's the introduction of Gran Turismo.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

[APPLAUSE]

PRESENTER: So for those of you who have been here before,

you'll know that a big part of these Open Garage Talks

is making it a conversation.

So we welcome you to join us in that conversation.

Many of you should already have had

question cards passed to you.

As you think of questions, please pass those to our staff,

and we'll bring them forward.

But to lead us in that conversation with Kaz,

I can think of nobody better than Chris Gerdes.

Chris is a professor of mechanical engineering.

He's our CARS faculty director, and he has devoted his career

to teaching students about vehicle dynamics

and engineering.

So Chris, thank you so much.

[APPLAUSE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So Kaz, I just want

to extend my thanks for joining us here.

It's been a pleasure to have you in the lab today,

and I really appreciate the chance to have this discussion.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: I'm very happy to be here.

CHRIS GERDES: So you talked about the history

of Gran Turismo.

But you started working on racing games even

before Gran Turismo, designing Motor Toon Grand Prix with Sony

for the original PlayStation.

With all the possible video games to make,

why did you focus on a racing game?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I was actually part

of the original starting members for the startup

of the PlayStation console.

And originally, in the very beginning,

I actually created 100 different design plans

for a variety of different video games for the company.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And within those 100 games,

there were role-playing games or adventure games.

There was just a huge variety of them.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: There was a golfing game, even.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But out of those 100 planned game

designs that I came up with, the very first one was

Gran Turismo.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And that's simply because I love cars.

CHRIS GERDES: So it was a passion project

from the beginning.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: Great.

Well, would you say that Gran Turismo grew from your driving

and racing ability or that you developed

your driving and racing ability from Gran Turismo?

Or was it a little of both?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So my actual original objective

for wanting to make a driving game

was because I wanted to learn to drive well.

So of your suggestions, it would be the latter.

I really made the game first, learned to drive on it,

and then I went out onto the track.

CHRIS GERDES: I've also learned a lot of things

from driving behind our self-driving car

out on the racetrack, so I appreciate that.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So you showed some of the designs from the GT-R

that you helped design the interface for.

And also, you've raced the GT-R at the Nurburgring.

But you also have an earlier love story

with the GT-R, which is a bit of a tragic story.

Would you share that with us?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So when I was making the first Gran Turismo

20 some odd years ago, I would be working really late at night

and going home at 1, 2 o'clock in the morning.

For about two years straight, I lived like that.

And one night, I come home late at night.

And I see in front of my house the GT-R

that I had just bought since I had first joined the company

and started working.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So that night, I was already really tired.

But it had been a while since I had driven my car,

so I was thinking maybe I'll take a short drive.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: It was a really cold winter night.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I unfortunately turned the engine on.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I went out to drive.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But I was really lacking sleep then.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I saw a turn coming up ahead.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And by experience, I knew that that turn,

I could probably turn at about 120 kilometers per hour.

Kilometers.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But as I was going into the turn,

I looked at my speedometer, and I was actually

going a little over 200.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I thought to myself, OK,

this is not going to turn.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I started breaking

towards the inside of the turn.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But though I was breaking,

the speed just wasn't dropping fast enough.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I ran out of road width.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I crashed.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the front of the car,

from where I was sitting forward, was gone.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And fortunately, I wasn't hurt at all.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But the car was pretty much out of it.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it just left me with a five-year loan payment.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So that's the memory I have.

CHRIS GERDES: Thanks for sharing that.

So the adventures of younger drivers.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So you've also helped younger drivers.

You mentioned the GT Academy and the idea

that you could take drivers who are good at the game

and put them into real race cars.

Many people said this will never work.

And there are a lot of papers in psychology

that say skills don't transfer that way.

But in fact, they did.

These drivers who were top drivers in the game

became outstanding drivers in real cars.

What do you think that they really learned from the game?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I think one misunderstanding that is often

seen in regards to this subject is that a lot of people

think that people become faster because they just

learn the track and learn the layout of the track

better through playing the simulator.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But that's not actually the case.

And one of the most important things

that a driver learns through a simulator

is really the basic motions of the car

where a certain operation or a certain input into the car

will result in a movement of the car in a certain way.

That's where the learning process is.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So it's the same as in a real racing

car as when you're playing and driving in Gran Turismo.

But when you're really focused and concentrating,

a car becomes sort of like a part of your body.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I think the merit

of playing a simulator like Gran Turismo is

that you get that feel and that sensation

of being at one with a car.

CHRIS GERDES: So you learn the patterns of steering

and how to coordinate with the brakes on turn entry

and the throttle on turn exit and learn

that for a particular car.

Is that the sort of pattern that one learns this way?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Yeah, I think so.

Because as you learn more and more about the car,

you know that giving--

you know how much grip you have left in the rear tires,

to the point where if you apply this much more throttle,

the rear end will start giving or not.

That's the level of understanding

you start forming in your head.

CHRIS GERDES: So my older son, for a while,

raced quarter midgets.

And one of the things I learned is

that, over a race weekend, when it

came to tires and broken parts, you could often

spend as much as it would cost to buy a PlayStation and a copy

of Gran Turismo.

You've created a path to motorsports

where people can actually play the game

and end up pursuing a career in this.

What has that meant to the people

who have graduated from GT Academy

and gone on to these podiums?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So motorsport is actually

a sport, out of all the different sports out there--

is one of the most costly to actually participate in.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But I think being able to experience

the world of motorsports through Gran Turismo minus the threat

to your life when you're racing helps to kind of boost

the base population of the fans and the people involved

in motorsports.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: There's lots of people in schools

who are footballers or they play tennis or--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: --play baseball.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But in most schools,

you'll find maybe one person who's

into karting or motorsports or maybe none.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So it's great to be able to try

to boost that population.

CHRIS GERDES: So I was talking with Bruce Canepa one time, who

is a race car driver among many other things.

And he said he felt like it was harder

to go from driving a car to driving a simulator

than it was to go from driving a simulator to driving a car.

And his reasoning was that if I learn to drive the simulator,

I learn how to drive without a lot of feedback.

And if I get more feedback, that's helpful.

But if I learn to drive the car, then I'm

used to all the real feedback.

And I may have a hard time without it.

Do you think that's true?

Has that been true in your experience?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Excuse me.

Too much talking.

I think that's definitely true.

When you are in a real car, you have so much more feedback

than when you're driving a simulator

that it actually is easier to drive a real race

car on a circuit than it is to drive a race

car on a simulator.

AUDIENCE: Here's water.

INTERPRETER: Thank you.

Thank you.

CHRIS GERDES: So maybe it's harder

to get your online license than to get a real racing license,

just less expensive.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Yes.

You might be right.

It takes more time and money to get a real license.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And also, there's the risk to your life, right?

CHRIS GERDES: So we're talking about all the things

that you can learn from simulation.

And maybe it's tempting to think that the simulation is just

trying to reproduce reality.

But you don't always try to reproduce reality.

And you've mentioned, with sound,

what you want to reproduce is what the driver needs

to hear, not necessarily what a microphone would hear.

So I'm wondering how you choose what should be realistic

and what should be more representative

of what the driver experiences.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So in regards to the audio,

audio is something that is really hard to do properly

and something that we still make a lot of discoveries as we

were working on it.

For example, when you're inside of a car

and you take a set of stereo microphones

to record the sounds inside of a car,

if you listen to that recording outside of the car later,

it still doesn't sound like what you are actually hearing inside

of the car.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So there's this thing called the cocktail party

effect where people only pick up the sounds

that you want to hear in a loud noisy environment.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But the conditions for when the cocktail party

effect actually occurs is very complex.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it's necessary to really

design very well the frequency of sounds

and also the tones and the volume

levels of each sound in the simulation to really reproduce

that effect in a simulation.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And also the phases of the sound, as well.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So when you have that properly adjusted

just right, you can make sounds that

sound more real than what you can pick up off

of a stereo microphone.

CHRIS GERDES: Excellent.

So we have some interesting questions coming in,

but I want to talk a little bit about some of the things

that you've mentioned about Gran Turismo as a movement.

So a lot of auto manufacturers are participating and working

with Gran Turismo, and we've had a few questions about,

what do the auto manufacturers do?

Do they help with game design?

Do they release designs?

How do they benefit?

Is it just marketing, or are they learning something else

by being part of this movement?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So there are cases in which an auto manufacturer

will collaborate and be partners with Gran Turismo just

for marketing reasons.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But in other aspects,

it's been 20 years since we first released the first Gran

Turismo.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So the people who were teenagers way back when

are now full grown adults.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And these people are actually now

in central parts of very important roles

in these manufacturers all over the world now--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: --whether it be engineers--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: --or marketing people--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: --designers.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So for those guys, working

with Gran Turismo has a value to them that sort of goes

beyond the business side.

CHRIS GERDES: You have more members of your movement.

The players become the participants as it evolves.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE] I do think so.

CHRIS GERDES: So one of the things

I think is interesting about your movement

is that it has maybe one foot in the virtual world and one foot

in the real world as you see designs

from the game coming into real cars and concept

cars coming into the game.

It's an interesting blend of the virtual world

and the real world.

Where do you see Gran Turismo living

in the future between the virtual world

and the real world?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So automobiles themselves

are a very interesting existence in the world,

because I don't think there's any other industrial product

that's out there that has so much allure and so much

attraction to it.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it also has a profound social impact,

as well, automobiles.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So the cars are this strange existence

in the world that has this huge social impact.

But at the same time, they are this very sexy, very attractive

objects.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I think part of the role that we have,

part of the mission that we have,

towards the automotive industry is

to continue conveying the emotional part of automobiles

to the public and to people.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So the Vision Gran Turismo project

is one of those aspects.

It really is, in a way, sort of our question to our motive

industry, asking them whether they still enjoy making cars.

CHRIS GERDES: That's awesome.

I need to think about that for a moment.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So one of the things

that we talked a little bit about was technology

and the power of technology.

This is a good example, where you're

using Gran Turismo to challenge the industry

about their passion.

We talked a little bit, also, about the dark side

of technology and some of the deception related

to use of Twitter and other media

here in the recent elections.

And you had some thoughts about technology and government,

the role that it plays in our society, the role

that these communities play.

And you had some questions for the audience with that.

So I want to open that up for you.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So being called to talk here today,

there was a question that had kind of lingered in my mind,

sort of viewing America from Japan.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And that's in regards to the democracy

here in America.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So America viewed from Japan

has always been sort of the role model democracy for Japan.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And seeing from Japan now, I

don't know what everyone here thinks about it.

But from the perspective in Japan,

it seems like democracy isn't quite

working the way it was meant to.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: America seems sort of divided right now.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And my question is--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So one question is whether you

think it is possible to empower democracy

with technology somehow.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Or would it be possible to imagine

a different form of government or democracy

through technology?

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So we wanted to toss that out.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: I'm going to get to some of your questions,

but I thought one of the comments you made when

we were discussing this on the phone that I thought

was interesting.

We were talking about how the virtual world is becoming ever

more real, and the real world seems to somehow

be getting less real, in some ways, when

you think about not knowing who is actually making that Twitter

post.

Who are you talking to online?

Is it who you think you are?

Is it somebody totally different?

And so this understanding of the power of virtual worlds

but also the challenge that they pose.

So we thought we would put that out there as a question.

If people have comments, use the comment sheet.

And we'll leave you with the philosophical thing

as we return to some more.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So we'll get some new designs for government

back in a moment.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: And let's talk about

some other possible questions that

have come up in terms of how you might use Gran Turismo.

So what about Gran Turismo as a way of teaching

teenagers how to drive?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I think learning to drive through Gran Turismo

is a very good way.

Because I think, a lot of times, people

are concerned that if you learn driving through a video game,

you'll end up driving really rough.

And that would be the general view on that.

But in actuality, if you've played Gran Turismo,

you will probably already know this.

But Gran Turismo actually teaches

you to drive safely and maintain stability of the car

under all conditions, whether it be at racing speed

or at slower speeds.

It really teaches you to drive smoothly,

and that leads to safe driving.

CHRIS GERDES: So we have another question

about other types of vehicles, as well,

that one might use in simulations.

So could this be used to learn how

to drive other vehicles like trucks, buses, et cetera?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Actually, Gran Turismo right now

doesn't contain the big semi-trailer trucks or buses

or those type of vehicles.

But there has been discussion of maybe

it would be nice to have those types of cars in the game,

as well.

CHRIS GERDES: So Bruce Canepa has, in the past,

raced trucks up Pikes Peak in Colorado, which

seems to me like it would be thrilling but one

of those things that I'd prefer to experience in Gran Turismo.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: So you brought a simulator,

which we have over in the corner and many people

were enjoying before the talk, which has a new steering wheel.

And the steering wheel, first of all,

gives very accurate torque relative to the game commands

and also gives you additional vibration on the column.

So you've been adding new sensory channels.

What do you see are the next advancements?

Where will we be going in the future?

Is it augmented reality?

Is it more haptic feedback?

Is it something else?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So there's actually a lot of information and data

that's simulated within Gran Turismo that is currently not

possible to output to a device yet.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Of course, we have the image.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And we have sound.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And we have the self-aligning torque that you

get through the steering wheel.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And then we added the transducer there, now--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: --which recreates something

in between sound and vibration at around 100

Hertz that sort of gives you the feel for the roughness

of the road surface.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And I think there's a lot more left in terms

of the evolution of the hardware that could help us provide more

information for the driver.

But unfortunately, the development of a hardware

is not quick as we'd like to see.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And a lot of times, even if a solution existed,

it becomes something huge that's not

viable to supply right away.

CHRIS GERDES: Well, you're in Silicon Valley and in a lab.

Is there anything that you would wish for?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So in this new Gran Turismo Sport title,

we've been able to, in a limited way, but still--

we were able to do HDRR, high-dynamic-range rendering,

for the first time.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But in terms of brightness,

what we're able to reproduce right now

is just about 1,000 nits.

And nits is a measurement of brightness.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: But inside Gran Turismo,

the system actually calculates up to 10,000 nits.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So if you had a brighter display or a set of VR

goggles with brighter range of lighting that's possible,

we can really simulate really blindingly bright lights

and even the sun.

CHRIS GERDES: Very cool.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: I want to get to a couple of the questions

here about automated vehicles.

So how do you see automated vehicles

changing motorsports and changing the relationship

of enthusiasts in motorsports?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I think the movement of society

towards autonomous driving is something

that just makes sense and is logical, economically.

It's definitely headed that direction.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I think there's a possibility that motorsports

will eventually become something like owning your own light

plane to fly on the weekends.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So I have a feeling that there's a possibility that

driving itself might become something special and something

niche like that.

CHRIS GERDES: So are there ways that Gran Turismo can actually

assist with automated driving?

We have some questions about whether, given

the realism of the scenario, the information from the AI

or from human drivers can be used in development

of automated systems.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Yeah, I believe so.

And I think the AI league championships that I mentioned

earlier in the presentation, that's really for the machine

learning APIs that will help to [? get ?] [? up ?] autonomous

driving.

CHRIS GERDES: Excellent.

So we have some folks here who are

towards the end of their time in school, the start

of their professional careers.

What sort of advice would you give

somebody who's starting now who's enthusiastic about cars

and the industry?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: Advice.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: There's so much.

It's hard to organize into a single thought.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: I think the most important is whatever you do,

give it the best you've got.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And that applies to both your personal life

and your work.

CHRIS GERDES: There's one more question

that I want to get to from this list which I thought was very

specific and worth sharing.

Somebody pointed out that they personally

really appreciated the use of the sculpture

Unique Forms of Continuity and Space for the AI league logo

and comments that it provides a nostalgic tie

to another period in history with rapid technological

change.

So what made you choose this piece for the AI

league, this sculpture?

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So that symbol, that sculpture,

was made by Umberto Boccioni back in 1914.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So it's almost--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: It's about 100 years ago.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: A little over 100 years ago.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And that era--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: The first race between Paris to Rouen

took place in that era.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: I think that was 1902 or something like that.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And average speed at the time

was 21 kilometers per hour.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And five years later, humankind

exceeded 100 kilometers per hour.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And then just five years after that, humankind

had reached 200 kilometers per hour.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And what was happening then

was that humankind was discovering

speed for the very first time.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And at the same time,

they were discovering machines.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And it's pretty much the same era in which

airplanes were created to fly through the skies

and automobiles were created.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And Umberto Boccioni

was an Italian Futurist.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the Italian Futurist movement

was something that was born out of the awe

for the mechanical advancements and the new mechanical culture

that was being developed at that period.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: And the reason why I chose that sculpture

as a trophy for the Gran Turismo Championship Series

is that I wanted to make sure that people don't forget

the origins of the awe that people

had for automobiles and speed and machines

in that very beginning.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: So that was my thought.

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

INTERPRETER: The speed was just that impressive to people

back then.

CHRIS GERDES: Good.

Well, did we get any responses?

Where did Steven even go?

Did we get any responses to the suggestion

of technology and democracy?

Did we get any comments?

We may have to explore that after the talk in conversation

or else have people think about that on the way on the way

home, because I think that's an excellent and challenging

question, a way to sort of build from this.

But I do want to thank Kaz very much for his time

and his thoughts.

[APPLAUSE]

I will ask you to help us with one more thing.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: We have some giveaways here.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: Some presents.

And I'd like to call up some of our students

who have registered for this.

We actually, thanks to Kaz and Polyphony,

have more prizes than we announced.

So we have five, six copies of Gran Turismo.

INTERPRETER: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: I'd like to ask up Samantha Kim.

[APPLAUSE]

Would you help me with--

John Alsterda.

[APPLAUSE]

Yes, [? one at ?] [? a time. ?]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

AUDIENCE: Thank you very much.

CHRIS GERDES: [? Arla ?] [? Sharenwa. ?]

[APPLAUSE]

Where is [? Arla? ?]

I saw him in the back.

[? Arla? ?] Oh no.

What's that?

Going once.

Uh-oh.

[? Timadio ?] [? Diro. ?]

[APPLAUSE]

While he's coming up, Jason Trinidad.

[APPLAUSE]

Next up, Vincent [? Lawrence. ?]

[APPLAUSE]

Wait a minute.

Don't go too far.

And [? Edge ?] [? Merling. ?]

[APPLAUSE]

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: And our grand prize--

KAZUNORI YAMAUCHI: [SPEAKING JAPANESE]

CHRIS GERDES: --winner of the PlayStation,

[? Timadio ?] [? Diro. ?]

[CHEERS]

[APPLAUSE]

I thought it was--

wait, where did it go?

He's going to come collect that in the office.

OK.

So we'd like to invite those who won to have their copy actually

signed by Kaz.

We going to do that in the office,

or are we going to do it-- we'll do that in the office next door

here.

So congratulations to all of our winners.

[APPLAUSE]

For more infomation >> How a video game designer is blurring the lines separating the real from the virtual - Duration: 1:15:05.

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Dafeat Funk - Lo que ella quiera (Video lyrics) - Duration: 3:51.

For more infomation >> Dafeat Funk - Lo que ella quiera (Video lyrics) - Duration: 3:51.

-------------------------------------------

Break Through - Music Video - Meri Amber - Duration: 3:14.

sometimes the path is dark

with twists and turns

but the darkest nights often come

before the brightest dawns

when things get rough

out of control

you need someone to help you find your way

back home

shadows fright

may block your path

but hold your heart

the worst will pass

look deep within

your fervent soul

you're stronger than you know

you're stronger than you know

you can fight your way through

you've got the fire inside of you

brighter days will soon be here

the storm will pass, the clouds will clear

and you will break through

you will break through

the hardest steps you take

are always in your mind

if you look to hope you can unlock the cage

leave it far behind

the past is passed

the present may seem grim

but the future holds promise from

deep within, from deep within

you can fight your way through

you've got the fire inside of you

brighter days will soon be here

the storm will pass the clouds will clear

and you will break through

you will break through

all the walls before you

you will break through

all the clouds around you

you will break through

and all the tears that burn you

you will break through

all the fears that plague you

you will break through

you will break through

you oh

you can fight your way through

you've got the fire inside of you

brighter days will soon be here

the storm will pass the clouds will clear

and you will break through

you will break through

you will break through

For more infomation >> Break Through - Music Video - Meri Amber - Duration: 3:14.

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Henry, Cole, Michael & Jeff's Spanish Pen-Pal Video - Duration: 8:14.

For more infomation >> Henry, Cole, Michael & Jeff's Spanish Pen-Pal Video - Duration: 8:14.

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InfluenceWatch.org | Dr. Steven J. Allen - Duration: 2:30.

You've probably heard a lot of claims that the Koch brothers are trying to control American

politics with their giant checkbook.

They've been called "homegrown oligarchs" who have "cornered the market on Republican

politics and are nakedly attempting to buy Congress and the White House."

That's an interesting claim, given that their agenda is to decrease the power government

has to give favors to special interests like them.

But if you think the spending by the ultra-wealthy to forward their interests only exists in

the Republican Party, think again.

The truth is: Spending by the ultra-wealthy to change the American political landscape

is not a phenomenon limited to the Right.

The Left's spending is potentially much worse.

You may know George Soros, the prolific political donor on the Left who has spent billions on

politics.

He's funded the Institute for Policy Studies, which has had multiple fellows call openly

for "violent tactics to destroy the U.S. government."

But do you know about billionaire environmentalist Tom Steyer, whose $74 million in left-wing

political spending in the 2014 cycle made him the country's top political giver, and

his spending seems to have been successful, because he's receiving government subsidies

for his green energy investments.

Then there's the Democracy Alliance, a network of so-called progressive donors who have helped

distribute approximately $500 million to liberal organizations since its founding in 2005.

They've helped fund the Center for Media and Democracy, which paid for a conspiratorial

book alleging that the Bush Administration sought to turn the country into a right-wing,

one-party state.

Or the American Federation of Teachers, which since 1990 has spent over $92 million on federal

elections, with $91 million going to Democrats and liberal left of center groups.

They've defended New York's rubber rooms, where teachers go to do nothing and can still

be paid for years on end, because the union has made them so difficult fire.

The truth is, if you want to know about subversive political spending, you need to hear about

what's going on on BOTH sides of the aisle.

The Capital Research Center's new website InfluenceWatch.org aims to bring balance back

to this discussion.

Visit us now to learn about these powerful special interest groups and individuals, and

many more.

I'm Dr. Steven J. Allen.

Thanks for watching.

For more infomation >> InfluenceWatch.org | Dr. Steven J. Allen - Duration: 2:30.

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Non-Ferrous Metal Aluminum, Copper, Nickel, Titanium - Piping Training Video-5 - Duration: 3:06.

Non-ferrous material are small part of total piping material, and they used in very aggressive

corrosion environment.

• Non-ferrous material Contains no iron or in very insignificant amount

• Metal such as Aluminum, Copper, Nickel, Titanium etc. are the example of Non-ferrous

material • Material used in Process Ind.

− Copper and Copper Alloys − Nickel and Nickel Alloys

− Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys − Titanium and Titanium Alloys

− And Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys, Non-ferrous material is also known as exotic material.

Copper and Copper Alloys has a • Good thermal conductivity

• Good corrosion resistance • Brasses, Bronzes (Cu-Sn) and Cupronickels

(Cu-Ni) are some of the example of copper alloy

• Cupronickels have highest corrosion resistance among Cu alloys

• Cupronickels are used for heat exchanger tubing and sea water application

• It Can be used as cladding material with carbon steel

Nickel and Nickel Alloys has a • Good resistance to oxidation and corrosion

• Monel 400 and Hastelloy are well known example

• Nickel and Nickel Alloys are Used in piping systems, pressure vessel, turbine blading,

valves, and power plant accessories that handle steam

• Nickel Alloys are Frequently used as a cladding material with carbon steel

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys has a • Good thermal conductivity

• Most workable metal • Highly resistant to atmospheric conditions

• But When coupled with more noble materials it is subject to galvanic attack

• And Loses strength rapidly above 175°C • Rarely used in process piping

• However, it is used as an external clad material for insulation to protect insulation.

Titanium and Titanium Alloys has a very • High strength to weight ratio

• Similar to SS Titanium Oxide is formed which prevents corrosion

• Titanium and Titanium Alloys has a Resistant to Nitric acid which is very corrosive in

nature.

Hence, it is used in this kind of process environments

• But to Weld Titanium and Titanium Alloys inert atmosphere is required.

And • Loses strength above 400°C

• It Can be used as clade material with carbon steel

Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys • are used, where strong acids and alkalis

are present, where other material cannot be used due to very aggressive environment

Let's summarize What you have learned in this lecture

• definition of Non-ferrous Metal • Types of Non-ferrous metal used in Process

Piping • And Properties of these Non-ferrous materials

See you in the next lecture.

For more infomation >> Non-Ferrous Metal Aluminum, Copper, Nickel, Titanium - Piping Training Video-5 - Duration: 3:06.

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Video Attachment Overview in Blackboard Web Community Manager - Duration: 2:42.

For more infomation >> Video Attachment Overview in Blackboard Web Community Manager - Duration: 2:42.

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Video lecture 3.26.18 - Duration: 2:55.

Okay.

It's that time of the semester in every English class.

Peer review [foreboding music].

This week I want you to write a whole first draft of your paper and share it with your peer partner.

Collaboration, in my opinion, is one of the most important parts of the writing process.

Even though I'm not the biggest fan of peer review myself, I do definitely see its merits:

peer review helps you to get your assignment ready before the day that it's due;

helps you to get ideas for your own work;

and offers comments that might enrich your own writing from a different perspective.

Also, writing is a social activity, right?

What would be the point of writing if there was no one to share it with?

Peer review helps us to practice that dimension of writing as well.

Now, to complete the peer review, I just want you to follow a few steps.

Draft your entire paper.

Then go to the "tools" tab and select "email."

Once you choose "select users" you can find your peer's name and send your paper

as an email attachment.

As the assignment sheet for the peer review (which you can find here) says… you should

email your paper by Friday this week and return it by Monday with at least five helpful comments.

Copy me on both emails so that I can give you full credit.

Okay?

Okay.

Now as for the draft itself, I want you to follow the "IMRD" format.

"IMRD" stands for "Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion," which is a list of the main parts of the paper

I think you should include.

For an 8-page paper, I would recommend that you spend about a page on intro material--that

includes the attention-getter, significance and exigence statements, main purpose statement,

and preview of the main points.

Then you should transition to the literature review and methods section: about two-to-five

pages, maybe, where you discuss your secondary research, describe your primary research methods, and

share your results.

Then transition again to the final section (the discussion section) where you can spend

the last pages offering new insights that you have learned while researching this topic,

calls to action that you want your reader to do now that they have learned from your

paper, and concluding remarks that you wish to impart for likely a better, brighter future.

I think this will be a difficult week, writing-wise, but the great news is that from the proposal,

annotated bibliography, literature review, and primary research methods assignments it's

really just a matter of cutting and pasting from your already-existing writing, right?

Now, if you do have questions, I'm happy to answer them.

Please do let me know.

Okay, so after you finish your IMRD draft and the peer review process, you'll send

your papers to me for more feedback, and then we'll basically be done with the class.

So hang in there--we're almost through.

Good luck, and take care.

For more infomation >> Video lecture 3.26.18 - Duration: 2:55.

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Lyft Drivers: Helpful Forms and Paying Taxes - TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 1:34.

Hi, this is Lisa Skelly,

one of the tax and Lyft partner-experts

here at TurboTax,

and I'm going to talk you

a little bit about the tax forms

you're going to receive and

paying taxes.

Now, being a Lyft partner and

owning your own business

means you're not going to receive a W-2

from Lyft.

You're going to get some other tax forms,

but because you're not getting a W-2,

they are not withholding any taxes for you.

You'll be responsible for those

but it will all be a part of the return that

TurboTax Self-Employed helps prepare for you.

Now, the tax forms you will receive from Lyft are

the 1099-K and a 1099-MISC.

To see those you can go to your dashboard and

click on the tax document link.

The 1099-K is income from actually driving someone.

So, every time you have someone in the car that will

show on the 1099-K.

The 1099-MISC is income that Lyft is

paying you directly,

things like bonuses or referring a friend.

That all shows up on the 1099-MISC.

Now, also in the dashboard

just under that tax document will be

your Lyft driver summary.

In that summary are some of the

expenses you will be able to take

against the income.

TurboTax Self-Employed will guide you

through to where to put each of

those items in.

Our goal here at TurboTax

is to help you in minimizing

your taxes.

For more infomation >> Lyft Drivers: Helpful Forms and Paying Taxes - TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 1:34.

-------------------------------------------

Lyft Drivers: Common Expenses and Tax Deductions - TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 0:46.

Hi, this is Lisa Skelly,

one of the tax and Lyft partner-experts here at TurboTax,

and I'm here to talk to you about some of the expenses

you can take as a Lyft driver.

Now as a Lyft driver, there are a lot of expenses

you can take besides mileage.

So, those expenses are anything involved with

the business of driving.

So, things like your cell phone or your

car charger, including things you may

provide for your passengers like bottled water.

Now, you do want to keep the receipts for those expenses.

TurboTax Self-Employed will actually provide you with a

customized list of things that you can write off.

We want to make sure you have the lowest taxes possible.

For more infomation >> Lyft Drivers: Common Expenses and Tax Deductions - TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 0:46.

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BBNaija 2018: Divergent views trail video of Bambam giving Teddy A handjob|NVS News - Duration: 4:04.

BBNaija 2018: Divergent views trail video of Bambam giving Teddy A handjob

Big Brother Naija 2018 housemates Bambam and Teddy A have again caused controversy.

This time, a video of Bambam giving Teddy A a handjob is trending online.

Bambam was on Thursday morning caught giving Teddy A her romantic partner handjob.

It would be recalled that both housemates were sometime ago caught having sex in the toilet which stirred controversy.

Meanwhile, some Nigerians have argued that Bambam was not giving him a handjob, while some insulted her for being so loose.

Others in support of her asked that she should not be judged.

Here are some comments:.

@upgradelady Bambam was taking strokes like a pro again then they'll say we are judging the innocent church girl.

@Africanchild Gentle strokes bambam,Let me not laugh just because my faves have been practicing self control #BBNaija.

@bbnaijafams Was bambam giving Teddy head ?.

@swankgee Lol there was hand movement, you'll see the video in the morning Prophetess Bambam gave Teddy a handjob.

@charliebee Bambam running things with Teddy As Microphone under the duvet.

#BBNaija.

@horlah Teddy and Bambam are sleeping but some ppl be dreaming about them doing handjob,is it ur handjob?.

@oluwaseunfunmi Bambam is good at it….

coded style omo pastor.

@Nekmors Lol Bambam is giving this guy a hand job abeg.

@megaxx This bambam is a hoe sha.

@shayleeker Big Brother should tell BamBam and Teddy A to wear their microphones! Even the moans I want to hear O.

@Nawtikaff lets accept she did but you need to get over the prophetess ish or shey she don do over your life.

@mhuxz gbonju Bambam can literally just sit and you guys will insult her, what did she collect from you people gosh, why the hate? This is just a show o #BBNaija.

@damochereal Dis bambam will be thinking she more classy than Nina oo! See how restless she is! Tossing nd turning because of what,Because of Onirany.

For more infomation >> BBNaija 2018: Divergent views trail video of Bambam giving Teddy A handjob|NVS News - Duration: 4:04.

-------------------------------------------

Lyft Drivers: Yes, You're Self Employed! TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 1:16.

Hi, I'm Lisa Skelly,

one of the tax and Lyft

partner-experts here at TurboTax,

and I'm here to talk to you about preparing

your taxes and being self-employed.

So, as a Lyft partner,

you are not an employee of Lyft.

So, you are self-employed.

You may hear a couple of different

terms with that.

You can hear "Sole Proprietorship,"

"Owning your own business,"

"Contractor,"

"Subcontractor,"

it all means the same thing.

You are in the business of driving.

So, one of the perks of being self-employed

is you do get to write off your expenses

for being a Lyft driver.

So, that's going to be expenses like

mileage and supplies for the car.

But we will talk more about the expenses later.

Now, let's say you're not just a driver for Lyft.

Maybe you do Amazon delivery too.

TurboTax Self-Employed is going to

help you in combining all of that information,

because you're really in the business as

a driver.

You'll combine your income and your expenses

and then we'll generate all of

the forms that are needed.

This will all be a part of your individual

tax return. The same one

you do every year and then

you're good to go.

For more infomation >> Lyft Drivers: Yes, You're Self Employed! TurboTax Tax Tip Video - Duration: 1:16.

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Per4max Presents: "Just Because" (Official Video) by Phenom - Duration: 3:45.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Some people think that--

they'll never understand-- just because you

in a certain situation that depicts your ability.

Phenom 10-4.

I been rolling 'round in this chair.

They just look at my legs and just stare.

Confidence to the max, and my swag gon' beware

And these girls on my trail and it ain't because of the fame.

It's because I earned my name.

And they ain't mess around with lames.

I swear I'm in my own lane, and they ain't walking on two.

I'm rolling on four wheels, and I'm doing way more than you.

I inspire, I motivate, and I to determinate my team.

I supply that drive, make a non-believer believe

that anything is possible when going against the odds,

and ain't nobody stronger if I rely on my God.

My mama crying tears, and I hate to see her cry.

I told her we're going to make it like the crash we survived.

Oh lord.

Please forgive me for these bangers.

I can flip it and switch it with a rapper turned singer.

And I live this life for me.

Somebody I'm trying to be.

I ain't bragging, I ain't boasting,

I'm just being a better me.

Just because I'm rolling, don't play me like a fool.

Just because I'm rolling don't tell me what can't do.

Just because I'm rolling don't mean a damn thing.

Get you in that room, take off them clothes and do my thing.

Just because I'm rolling, they try to count me out.

Push me to the side, telling me I'm not allowed.

But just because I'm rolling, Imma

keep on pushing and pushing fighting

to make the difference till there's no more overlooking.

Just because.

Okay, now look me in my eye, and tell me I can't do it.

The devil is a lie.

Your name must be stupid.

I'm gonna keep it moving like the tires keep on rolling.

And if they keep on talking, let them talk, they don't know me.

Let me flash back to the past, let me tell y'all this story.

I wasn't the famous type in school,

but everybody 'round the school, they knew me.

I roll 'round in that chair, had aluminum foil on the wheels.

I bust my --- at the pep rally, but it is what it is.

Let me talk about that grad night,

I remember that like it was last night.

I was close friends with two twins swear to god,

we was real tight.

At least I thought.

Orlando, them boys left me lonely.

I roll around that ---- like have y'all seen my homies?

Y'all seen my?

From that day I ain't even said a word.

Only friend I got is God.

He never kicked me to the curb.

So I grind hard and I shine hard,

one day y'all gon see that I'm the best that ever did it

on these Pompano streets.

Just because I'm rolling, don't play me like a fool.

Just because I'm rolling don't tell me what I can't do.

Just because I'm rolling don't mean a damn thing.

Get you in that room, take of my clothes and do my thing.

Just because I'm rolling, they try to count me out.

Push me to the side, telling me I'm not allowed.

But just because I'm rolling Imma

keep it pushing and pushing.

Fighting to make a difference till there's

no more overlooking.

Just because.

Just pay attention.