ok so looking at the next question
what can you conclude about the RNA
ok so is it, if the proteins are the same
what can you conclude about DNA? Seven?
I'm so confused. Cierra what did you say?
That its the same?
The DNA is the same because?
Because of transcription?
Because of transcription and translation.
If we start with the same thing
we end with the same thing
ok?
So what about the RNA?
That step in between
DNA and Protein
Skylar what do you think?
I wasn't ready (Yawn)
You made eye contact bud...
So if we started with DNA
and Ended with Protein
and those were the same
what about the step in between?
They are different?
Why would they be any different?
because the bases in DNA are different
That's correct!
In DNA we don't have a U
we have a T
but what if we are looking
at the same RNA strand
in 2 organisms?
So they have the same bases.
There going to be the same
ok
So if they have the same protein
they have the same DNA
and the same RNA
Seven? I'm confused on what we are talking about.
The amino acid sequences
in the proteins are similar
So the protein which was the
product of translation.
So we have to work backwards
to figure out what the DNA
is going to look like
So,
If I have a protein
The methionine and I have
another protein
my mRNA and my mRNA
My DNA what goes with U
A-C
So you guys see
That if we have the same protein
we have the same everything else
So we have the same DNA
the same RNA
the same protein
Do you guys see that?
Does that make more sense?
Mhmm
Good
So for the next question
we're gonna talk about
what is called the central dogma
and you guys need to write this down
ok?
you can write it down here
or you can write it down in your notes
But this is important
ok
So the central dogma
of DNA means that we go
from DNA to RNA
through a process called what?
Transcription
Thats correct good job
transcription
then we go from RNA
to protein in a process called?
translation
Good Job
We just write this anywhere?
yep
somewhere you'll remember
where you wrote it, somewhere
you can go back and figure it out.
So this on the board
this T-A-C-A-U-G and M-E-T
That is the Central Dogma
we went from DNA to RNA
and then RNA to Protein
No steps in between
if you don't have RNA
you can't do the central dogma
you can't go from DNA to protein
and we can't go from
RNA to Protein without
DNA. You have to have all 3
Questions on that?
Alright
So with that in mind
Lets talk about the next question
So using your data
Everybody go back to your data
we are going to analyze it
determine how many differences
are there between a
human and the gorilla?
1?
1
ok so you need to write that down.
As I was reading on the first page
what did I say that that meant
they had different proteins?
Ok, they have different
codons so that means
they have a different proteins yes.
But remember on the first page
The greater the similarites
the more distant the relationship
So the great the differences
the more distant the relationship
So yes you're correct Seven.
So if I have a small number
do I have a closer relationship
for a far relationship, distant
close?
I have close
So for a possible explanation for this
what could we say?
if they only have one difference
they must be closely related
Their closely related
Ok good job Dalton
Ok so we are going to use that data again
so tell me what organism is most
closely related to humans
using this data up here
what ones going to be the most closely
related to humans
Chimp?
No you were right, say it again louder
Chimp.
The Chimp'
And why the chimp Dalton
because theres 0 differences
there are 0 differences
So thats going to be
the most close related
now we think about the opposite
Meaghan?
Which would the the furthest
related to the human?
Kangaroo?
The kangaroo
and why did she say
the kangaroo Colton?
because it has , I don't know how
to explain it
whats the difference between the 0 and 7
7 is, I can't explain it.
is 7 smaller or bigger
its bigger
its bigger, ok
so the bigger the differences
the further the relation
so thats what we can
put for our explanation, right?
How are you guys doing so far?
You guys are doing really good.
Are you getting it?
Meaghan. You said the bigger the
difference the farther the relation?
mmhmm yep Alright, so now
for our last question
we need to go back to our
hemoglobin protein sequence
because this time we're
going to figure out
we're determining
the number of differences between
the horse and the kangaroo
So I need you guys
to ahead and figure that out
go ahead and count
the difference, follow your
horse line and your kangaroo line
tell me what you get?
9? 10? I got a 9 and a 10
9? Why do I count more than everyone else?
I got a 9?
9?
Do we have to make the extra boxes?
No you don't have to make the extra box,
but where it says on D how many
differences write that on the line.
Ok did everybody get 9?
Yeah
Yep
You get it Seven?
ok
So we are going to use the same concept
that we just used to
figure out the relationship between
the human and the chimp
and the human and the kangaroo
but this time
were going to figure out
which one is more closely related
to the horse
the human or the kangaroo?
The Kangaroo?
The horse?
would you say the horse? is more closely
related to the human or the kangaroo?
the human?
"discussion multiple students"
Right so the human and the horse has 5
what does the human and the kangaroo have?
9
so which one has a smaller difference?
the human and the horse?
Human, so is it more closely
to the Human or the kangaroo?
The Human.
so the smaller the number
the closer the relationship?
Correct
did everyone hear what meaghan said
Meaghan can you say that louder?
The smaller the difference
the closer the relationship.
That would be your why
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